Article in Japanese

A case of a five-year-old female infant with human parvovirus B19 (PVB19) encephalitis/encephalopathy

Tomowa KANO¹⁾, Yutaka YOSHIMATU¹⁾, Yoshinori ITO²⁾, Naohiko MORIGUCHI¹⁾

We report a 5-year-old female patient with human parvovirus B19 (PVB19) encephalitis/encephalopathy. She suffered from nasal discharge, cough, and fever, and received treatment for pharyngitis. Subsequently, she had fever for five days, became restless at night, and was hospitalized because of impaired consciousness. After hospitalization, repeated seizures were observed with the head moving back and forth and right and left. Although no abnormal finding was noted on head MRI, the cerebrospinal fluid cell count, cerebrospinal fluid protein, and myelin basic protein increased with high-amplitude slow waves on EEG. She was diagnosed with encephalitis/encephalopathy, and received an anticonvulsant and steroid pulse therapy, which gradually improved the impaired consciousness and motor function. No rash developed during the course. PVB19 DNA was detected by PCR from nasal discharge and cerebrospinal fluid collected during hospitalization, suggesting the involvement of PVB19. Viral DNA (cerebrospinal fluid: 3.0×10⁶ copies/ml; serum: 2.5×10¹² copies/ml) were detected during the acute phase. For the next 10 months, viral DNA were detected without complications, such as anemia and liver dysfunction. The symptoms were fully resolved without neurological sequelae.
PVB19 is involved in some cases of encephalitis/encephalopathy of unknown cause. Care should be exercised in such cases.

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1) Department of Pediatrics, Sakai Hospital Kinki University Faculty of Medicine
2) Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine

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Received	October 14, 2014
Accepted	March 9, 2015

27 (2)：99─105,2015